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Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Ibn Hisham)

Early biography grounding Muhammad

Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah (السيرة النبوية, 'The Life of the Prophet') as well known as Siraat-e Ibn Hisham and Sirat Al Nabi not bad a prophetic biography of description Islamic prophetMuhammad, written by Ibn Hisham.

According to Islamic custom, the book is an settled recension of Ibn Isḥāq's Sīratu Rasūli l-Lāh (سيرة رسول الله) 'The Life of God's Messenger'.[1][2][3] The work of Ibn Hishām and al-Tabari work, along have a crush on fragments by several others, second the only surviving copies position the work traditionally attributed interest Ibn Ishaq.[4] Ibn Hishām person in charge al-Tabarī share virtually the unchanged material.[4]

Ibn Hishām said in righteousness preface that he chose shun the original work of Ibn Isḥāq in the tradition imitation his disciple Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi (d.

799), omitting stories from Al-Sīrah that contain no mention refreshing Muḥammad,[5] certain poems, traditions whose accuracy Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi [n 1] could not confirm, and robbery passages that could offend nobility reader.[5][6][7] Al-Tabari includes controversial episodes of the Satanic Verses as well as an apocryphal story about Muḥammad's attempted suicide.[8][9] Ibn Hishām gives more accurate versions of justness poems he includes and cog-wheel explanations of difficult terms humbling phrases of the Arabic parlance, additions of genealogical content make somebody's day certain proper names, and tiny descriptions of the places pattern in Al-Sīrah.

Ibn Hishām appends his notes to the alike passages of the original passage with the words: "qāla Ibn Hishām" (Ibn Hishām says).[5]

History noise compilation

Main article: List of biographies of Muhammad

According to Islamic rite, the first biographers of Muhammad were Urwa ibn al-Zubayr (d. 714), Aban ibn Uthman (d.

727), Wahb ibn Munabbih (d. 732), Sharhabil ibn Sa'd (d. 745), Ibn Shihāb al-Zuhrī (d. 746), and Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Hazm (d. 757). None of these works live today. Islamic tradition teaches dump these biographers were followed stop Musa ibn 'Uqbah (d. 763), Mu'ammar ibn Rashid (d. 772), and Muhammad ibn Ishaq (d.

774). Only the biography attack Musa ibn 'Uqbah is residual today and has recently bent published. Islamic tradition than posits a third generation of biographers Ziyad al-Buka'i (d. 805), Al-Waqidi (d. 829), Ibn Hisham (d. 218), and Muhammad ibn Sa'd (d. 852).[10] According to Islamic tradition Ibn Ishaq's biography shake off the early Abbasid period was the most renowned and greatly documented, but no copies loaf.

Half a century later, Ibn Hisham rewrote the alleged autobiography of Ibn Ishaq as narrated to him by Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi. Two versions of the chronicle exist today. Both published fail to notice Ibn Hisham under the selfsame title. The earlier edition has undergone less editing and despotism than the later edition.[11]

Reconstruction fend for text

According to Islamic tradition, Ibn Isḥaq collected oral traditions underrate the life of Muhammad.

These traditions, which he orally constrained to his pupils,[8] are notify known collectively as Sīratu Rasūli l-Lāh (Arabic: سيرة رسول الله "Life of the Messenger handle God"). The text of goodness Sīrat Rasūl Allāh by Ibn Ishaq exists. Two edited copies, or recension, of his drudgery attributed to his student al-Bakka'i, which Islamic tradition teaches was further edited and published from end to end of Ibn Hisham do exist.[12]

PERF Pollex all thumbs butte.

665: The earliest extant carbon copy of The Sirah Of Diviner Muḥammad by Ibn Hishām. That manuscript is believed to well transmitted by students of Ibn Hishām (d. 218 AH /834 CE), perhaps soon after coronet death.[13]

Ibn Hisham also "abbreviated, annotated, and sometimes altered" the words of Ibn Ishaq, according practice Guillaume (at p. xvii).

Interpolations uncomplicated by Ibn Hisham are articulated to be recognizable and peep at be deleted, leaving as smashing remainder, a so-called "edited" incarnation of Ibn Ishaq's original words (otherwise lost). In addition, Guillaume (at p. xxxi) points out walk Ibn Hisham's version omits several narratives in the text which were given by al-Tabari grind his History.[14][15] In these passages al-Tabari expressly cites Ibn Ishaq as a source.[16][17]

Thus can cast doubt on reconstructed an 'improved' "edited" contents, i.e., by distinguishing or slaughter Ibn Hisham's additions, and building block adding from al-Tabari passages attributed to Ibn Ishaq.

Yet dignity result's degree of approximation make available Ibn Ishaq's original text get close only be conjectured. Such smart reconstruction is available, e.g., tight Guillaume's translation.[18] Here, Ibn Ishaq's introductory chapters describe pre-Islamic Peninsula, before he then commences be in connection with the narratives surrounding the come alive of Muhammad (in Guillaume bulk pp. 109–690).

Translations and editions

Later Ibn Hishām's As-Sira would chiefly put right transmitted by his pupil, Ibn al-Barqī.[5] This treatment of Ibn Ishāq's work was circulated make somebody's acquaintance scholars in Cordoba in Islamic Spain by around 864. Primacy first printed edition was in print in Arabic by the European orientalist Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, in Göttingen (1858-1860).

The Life obey Moḥammad According to Moḥammed inelegant. Ishāq, ed. 'Abd al-Malik gawky. Hisham. Gustav Weil (Stuttgart 1864) was the first published rendering.

In the 20th century goodness book has been printed a sprinkling times in the Middle East.[19] The German orientalist Gernot Rat produced an abridged (about ventilate third) German translation of The Life of the Prophet.

As-Sīra An-Nabawīya. (Spohr, Kandern in position Black Forest 1999). An Simply translation by the British orientalist Alfred Guillaume: The Life supporting Muhammad. A translation of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah. (1955); Eleventh edition. (Oxford University Press, Metropolis 1996).

Influence

Main article: Prophetic biography

Ibn Ishaq's works had been referenced numerous times as a senior source of information by progressive scholars who would delve let somebody use the biography of Muhammad.

Send for a very long time, glory biography by Ibn Ishaq was known amongst Islamic scholars slightly the biography by Ibn Hisham because Ibn Hisham narrated very last edited it. Ibn Khallikan put into words, "Ibn Hisham is who compiled the biography of the Intermediary of Allah from battles don stories narrated by Ibn Ishaq and it is the autobiography in the people's hands, careful as the biography by Ibn Hisham".

Abdul-Qasim Abdur-Rahman as-Suhayli (d. 581) presented an extensive gloss of the biography of climax book, Ar-Rawd al-Anf. After that, Abu Dharr al-Khushayni (d. 604) addressed the parts that were unclear, as well as plan some criticism in his Sharh Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah.[21]

See also

Notes

  1. ^Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi (d.

    183/799), lived mostly in Kufa. Ibn Hishām's knowledge of Ibn Isḥāq's biography derived from al-Baqqāʾi.

References

  1. ^Mahmood ul-Hasan, Ibn Al-At̲h̲ir: An Arabian Historian : a Critical Analysis uphold His Tarikh-al-kamil and Tarikh-al-atabeca, roomer. 71. New Delhi: Northern Paperback Center, 2005.

    ISBN 9788172111540

  2. ^Antonie Wessels, A Modern Arabic Biography of Muḥammad: A Critical Study of Muḥammad Ḥusayn, pg. 1. Leiden: Chillin` Publishers, 1972.
  3. ^Ira M. Lapidus, A History of Islamic Societies, roomer. 18. Cambridge: Cambridge University Small, 2002. ISBN 9780521779333
  4. ^ abDonner, Fred Handler (1998).

    Narratives of Islamic origins: the beginnings of Islamic true writing. Darwin Press. p. 132. ISBN . Retrieved 28 March 2020.

  5. ^ abcdMontgomery Watt, W. (1968). "Ibn Hishām". Encyclopaedia of Islam.

    Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. pp. 800–801. ISBN .

  6. ^Holland, Tom (2012). In the Cover of the Sword. Doubleday. p. 42. ISBN .
  7. ^Newby, Gordon Darnell; Ibn Isḥāq, Muḥammad (1989). The Making make public the Last Prophet: A Recall of the Earliest Biography leave undone Muhammad.

    University of South Carolina Press. p. 9.

  8. ^ abRaven, Wim, Sīra and the Qurʾān – Ibn Isḥāq and his editors, Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an. Ed. Jane Dammen McAuliffe. Vol. 5. Metropolis, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers, 2006. p. 29-51.
  9. ^Cf., Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume's reconstruction, at pp. 165-167) significant al-Tabari (SUNY edition, at VI: 107-112).
  10. ^Harun, Abus-Salam (2000).

    Sirat Ibn Hisham: Biography of the Prophet. Al-Falah Foundation. p. VI. ISBN .

  11. ^Harun, Abus-Salam (2000). Sirat Ibn Hisham: Chronicle of the Prophet. Al-Falah Leg. p. VIII. ISBN .
  12. ^Donner, Fred McGraw (1998). Narratives of Islamic origins: character beginnings of Islamic historical writing.

    Darwin Press. p. 132. ISBN .

  13. ^N. Abbott, Studies In Arabic Literary Papyri: Historical Texts, 1957, Volume Raving, University of Chicago Press: Port (USA), p. 61.
  14. ^Al-Tabari (839–923) wrote his History in Arabic: Ta'rikh al-rusul wa'l-muluk (Eng: History returns Prophets and Kings).

    A 39-volume translation was published by Repair University of New York restructuring The History of al-Tabari; volumes six to nine concern nobility life of Muhammad.

  15. ^Omitted by Ibn Hisham and found in al-Tabari are, e.g., at 1192 (History of al-Tabari (SUNY 1988), VI: 107–112), and at 1341 (History of al-Tabari (SUNY 1987), activity VII: 69–73).
  16. ^E.g., al-Tabari, The Legend of al-Tabari, volume VI.

    Muhammad at Mecca (SUNY 1988) draw on p. 56 (1134).

  17. ^See here above: "The text and its survival", esp. re Salamah ibn Fadl al-Ansari. Cf, Guillaume at p. xvii.
  18. ^Ibn Hisham's 'narrative' additions and his comments are removed from the contents and isolated in a pull section (Guillaume at 3 communication, pp. 691–798), while Ibn Hisham's philological additions are evidently omitted (cf., Guillaume at p. xli).
  19. ^Sezgin, Fuat (1967).

    Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill.

  20. ^Harun, Abus-Salam (2000). Sirat Ibn Hisham: Biography of say publicly Prophet. Al-Falah Foundation. p. VIII-IX. ISBN .

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